Carbon nanotube nonvolatile NRAM memory 1000 times faster than Flash will be commercially released by the end of 2018 by Nantero and Fujitsu

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Mie Fujitsu Semiconductor and Fujitisu today announced that they have reached an agreement with US-based Nantero, Inc. to license that company’s technology for NRAM, non-volatile RAM using carbon nanotubes, and to conduct joint development towards releasing a product based on 55-nm process technology.

Three companies are aiming to develop a product using NRAM non-volatile RAM that achieves several 1000 times faster rewrites and many thousands of times more rewrite cycles than embedded flash memory, making it potentially capable of replacing DRAM with non-volatile memory.

Fujitsu Semiconductor plans to develop an NRAM-embedded custom LSI product by the end of 2018, with the goal of expanding the product line-up into stand-alone NRAM product after that. Mie Fujitsu Semiconductor, which is a pure-play foundry, plans to offer NRAM-based technology to its foundry customers.

Comment from Masato Matsumiya, System Memory VP, Fujitsu Semiconductor Non-volatile memory using Nantero’s carbon-nanotube technology is a marked advance beyond conventional technology. Fujitsu Semiconductor has been designing and producing FRAM, a type of non-volatile RAM, since the late 90s, and is one of the few companies to have integrated FRAM design and production capabilities. We will be able to build on our experience and skill in this field to develop and produce NRAM as well. The combination of Nantero’s technology with our design and production capabilities promises to meet the longstanding needs of our customers for non-volatile memory that is higher density, faster, more energy efficiency, and with a higher rewrite cycle.

Nantero’s NRAM technology is based on carbon nanotubes and allows for non-volatile memory with high density and random access, promising to expand Mie Fujitsu Semiconductor’s line of embedded non-volatile memory products, which are a major focus of our business. In working with Nantero to develop their technology into products and license that technology, together with Fujitsu Semiconductor.

They are working with us on productization for multiple markets.  NRAM technology, with its combination of nonvolatility, high speed and high density, is uniquely positioned to allow for the continued evolution of memory beyond the projected limits and capabilities of classical technologies.

The computer memory market is about $85 billion per year

Embedded memory is about $10 billion per year

DRAM is $45 billion per year

Flash is about $30 billion per year

Nantero is loking to eventually get to half the price of DRAM

The memory is already about the same speed as DRAM and 1000 times faster than flash

They will use multi-level cells for higher density

Eventually after dominating the computer memory they will also be able to develop carbon nanotube transistors for computer logic.

Carbon nanotube memory will also be able to get down to 5 nanometer width sizes.

They will be able to extend computer performance improvement by 20 years.

The memory is at 1 volt and lasts for 100 billion cycles.

The nonvolatile nature of the memory (no energy needed to keep memory) and months of standby time will mean this memory will be perfect for enabling the internet of things and the vision of trillions of sensors

Previously in 2015, Nextbigfuture had technical details.

Ijn 2015, Nextbigfuture interviewed Nantero CEO Greg Schmergel

* Nantero NRAM is DDR4 compatible

* two top foundries are working with them

* they have a staff of 55 people

* they want to be the ARM of computer memory (ARM successfully licensed chip designs)

* multi-gigabyte designs should be complete in mid-2016 and released as products in mid-2017

* there is 10 thousand times resistance between on andoff states. This will allow for multiple resistant state memory for higher density and lower costs

* there is the potential for carbon nanotube logic in the future

How the carbon nanotubes are used and manipulated ?

* raw carbon nanotubes are obtained from suppliers

* the carbon nanotubes are placed into a pure water solution (no chlorination)

* they are purified in water (iron and other contaminants is removed, have to get to parts per billion purity.

* package in industry bottles

* they are deposited onto chips using spin coating to get a 40 nanometer layer

* hundreds of carbon nanotube connect each pair of electrodes.

Nantero’s NRAM: The Future of Memory

The availability of a new generation of memory that is 100s of times faster than NAND, can deliver terabits of storage capacity, and consumes very little power, has the potential to change the future of electronics. Nantero’s NRAM has all of these breakthrough characteristics. Targeting both the embedded and standalone memory markets, Nantero is already licensing its NRAM IP to major chip manufacturers, foundries and electronics companies around the world.

Targeting a wide range of markets such as consumer electronics, mobile computing, wearables, Internet of Things, enterprise storage, government/military, space, and automotive, Nantero’s NRAM delivers major advantages over other memory technologies. These include:

* CMOS Compatible: Works in standard CMOS fabs with no new equipment needed
* Limitless Scalability: Designed to scale below 5nm in the future
* High-Endurance: Proven to operate for orders of magnitude more cycles than flash
* Faster Read and Write: Same as DRAM, 100s of times faster than NAND
* High Reliability: will retain memory for over 1,000 years at 85 degrees Celsius or more than 10 years at 300 degrees Celsius
* Low Power: Essentially zero in standby mode, 160x lower write energy per bit than NAND
* Low Cost: Simple structure, can be 3D multi-layer and multi-level cell (MLC)

Competing future memory

* better versions of flash and DRAM

* memristor memory (HP and others) [Delayed]

* high density MRAM

* STT-RAM

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Peer Reviewed EmDrive AIAA paper is on the way

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Dr Jose Rodal posted on the NASA Spaceflight forum that the new paper will be entitled "Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio Frequency Cavity in Vacuum" and is authored by "Harold White, Paul March, Lawrence, Vera, Sylvester, Brady and Bailey." Rodal said that the paper will be published in the AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power, a journal published by the AIAA.

Spaceflight forum is on its eight thread discussing the controversial Emdrive The objective of the Nasa Spaceflight forum is to analyze whether the EM Drive (a cavity resonating at microwave frequencies) reported "thrust force" is an experimental artifact or whether it is a real propulsion effect that can be used for space applications, and if so, in discussing those possible space propulsion applications.

>

There have been several papers trying to determine if the EMdrive operates in a vacuum and speculated on how it might produce propulsion or to explain the anomalies. This AIP Advances paper [On the exhaust of electromagnetic drive] has Nextbigfuture in its citations 9. B. Wang, Update on EMDrive work at NASA Eagleworks. NextBigFuture (6 February 2015). Available at: http://ift.tt/1AD5LYM;
D. Kundaliya, “EM Drive Thruster Technology: Can It Really Work?,” 2016-02-08. Available at: http://ift.tt/2bWfUsb Accessed: 4 March 2016.

The paper proposes that the thrust of EM drive results from the efflux of photons that have paired with opposite phases. The paired photons are without net electromagnetic field, and hence they will escape from the metal cavity. This loss of momentum, when anisotropic, produces the thrust. Thus, our explanation complies with conservation of momentum but departs from the current consent about photons by regarding photons as indivisible and indestructible basic building blocks of nature.

March 2016 there had been the first statement that a peer reviewed paper was coming InMarch 2016, Nextbigfuture had reported that a peer reviewed EMDrive paper was in process Paul March indicated on the NASA Spaceflight forum that NASA Eagleworks is getting another EMDrive paper through peer review. Paul March also endorsed the technical information and insights of forum member Rodal on the topic of EMdrive.

Rodal indicates the differences in dielectric materials and other nuances of interpreting the known results.

A radio frequency (RF) resonant cavity thruster is a proposed new type of electromagnetic thruster.

Unlike conventional electromagnetic thrusters, a resonant cavity thruster would use no reaction mass, and emit no directional radiation.

A few variations on such thrusters have been proposed. Aerospace engineer Roger Shawyer designed the EmDrive in 2001, and has persistently promoted the idea since then through his company, Satellite Propulsion Research.

Chemical engineer Guido Fetta designed the Cannae Drive, based on similar principles. If they are found to work as claimed, providing thrust without consuming a propellant would have important applications to all areas of propulsion.

Some independent teams of scientists, notably a team at Xi'an's Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), one at NASA's Eagleworks laboratories, and another at the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, have built prototypes of these designs. The NWPU team reported a small but significant thrust; NASA Eagleworks reported a much smaller thrust than the NWPU team; and the Dresden team reported a small thrust, but within experimental error.

In 2014 and 2015, the NASA Eagleworks research group at Johnson Space Center tested models of both the EmDrive and Cannae drive. They reported observing a small net thrust from both, at low power levels.

NASA's first tests of this tapered RF resonant cavity were conducted at very low power (2% of Shawyer's 2002 experiment and 0.7% of the Chinese 2010 experiment), but a net mean thrust over five runs was measured at 91.2 µN at 17 W of input power. A net peak thrust was recorded at 116 µN (about 0.0004 ounces, or approximately the same weight as a grain of rice) at the same power level. The experiment was criticized for not having been conducted under vacuum, which would have eliminated thermal air currents.

Six months later, early 2015, Paul March from Eagleworks made new results public, claiming positive experimental force measurements with a torsional pendulum in a hard vacuum: about 50 µN with 50 W of input power at 5.0×10^−6 torr, and new null-thrust tests. The new RF power amplifiers were said to be made for hard vacuum, but still fail rapidly due to internal corona discharges, with not enough funding to replace or upgrade them, so measurements are still scarce and need improvement before a new report can be published.

Glenn Research Center offered to replicate the experiment in a hard vacuum if Eagleworks manages to reach 100 µN of thrust, because the GRC thrust stand cannot measure forces lower than 50 µN.

Eagleworks later announced a plan to upgrade their equipment to higher power levels, use vacuum-capable RF amplifiers with power ranges of up to 125 W, and to design a new tapered cavity analytically determined to be in the 0.1 N/kW range. The test article will be subjected to independent verification and validation at Glenn Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

Previously Paul March discussed possibly scaling the Emdrive to 2000 Newtons Paul March provides updates on the EMdrive and Cannae drive experiments at Eagleworks NASA.

If one envisions the quantum vacuum (Q-V) as a semi-virtual electrical plasma as Dr. White does, that would imply that the Poynting power flow vector would entrain the Q-V plasma and send it on its way toward the pillbox end of the cavity and then out of the cavity, the back-reaction on the cavity should be in the opposite direction towards the RF feed end of the Cannae test article, but the observed thrust vector is opposite to that surmise, i.e. toward the shorter RF sense antenna end of the cavity per the attached slide.

Now Per the newly authored Q-V plasma simulation code that Dr. White just finished, the equal bidirectional Q-V plasma flow for the Cannae cavity comes from the high-Q pancake section with a Q of ~9,000 for the un-slotted version of the cavity. However due to the high E-field region created n the throat of the RF feed, this cylindrically shaped high E-field volume acts as an obstruction to the Q-V plasma flow. This E-field obstruction created in the PTFE cylinder then accelerates the Q-V plasma around it in a Bernoulli like effect that accelerates the Q-V plasma flow coming from the main pillbox cavity. This unbalanced and accelerated Q-V plasma flow that goes away from the large pill box cavity in the direction of the RF input section is what generates the NET thrust in our model.

Next, using this new Q-V plasma simulation tool that utilizes the instantaneous E&M fields from COMSOL for one complete RF cycle in 5 degree increments as its input file, we are now seeing why we need the PTFE or HDPE dielectrics in the frustum while using near pure sine wave power levels below ~100W in the ~2.0 GHz frequency range to generate detectable thrust, and why Shawyer and the Chinese didn't while pumping 80W to 2,500W using magnetron RF sources. We think the reasons are two fold.

The first is that Shawyer and the Chinese both used magnetron RF sources for their experiments. An RF source that generates large AM, FM and PM modulation of the carrier wave with typical FM modulation bandwidth on the order of at least +/-20 MHz. (These time rate to change of energy modulations increase the Q-V density in our model.)

The second reason we found running these 3D Q-V plasma simulations for the EMPTY copper frustum, was that increasing the input power tends to focus the Q-V plasma flow from near omnidirectional from the frustum at low powers, to a much more jet like beam at higher powers measured in kW to tens of kW-rf. In fact the simulation for the 100W run predicted only ~50uN for our pure RF system with dielectric, while the 10kW run predicted a thrust level of ~6.0 Newton without a dielectric in the cavity. And at 100kW-rf it was now up to ~1300 Newton, but the input power to thrust production nonlinearity was starting to taper off around 50kW. Of course these Q-V plasma thrust predictions are based on the Q-V not being immutable and non-degradable, a feature we admit is not widely accepted by the mainstream physics community, at least at the moment.

Due to the above non-linear thrust scaling with input power predictions, we have started the build up of a 100W-to-1,200W waveguide magnetron RF power system that will drive one of our aluminum RF frustum cavities. Initially the test rig will follow Shawyer's first generation test rig that used a tetter-totter balance system in air only to see if we can generate similar thrust levels that Shawyer reported using a hermetic sealed box, which were in the ~16 to 300 milli-Newton range dependent on the Q-Factor of the frustum.

The other EMdrive experiment status

- Shawyer experiments in ambient air (as well as newer superconducting designs) are now kept under a shroud of secrecy.

- Chinese mid-to-high power experimental results (~ 2000 W) in ambient air are on the contrary regularly published in academic journals, but are still uncertain because Pr. Juan Yang is not able to share additional data, and spurious causes like air currents are not ruled-out.

There is information from Paul March on the testing of the controversial EMDrive at NASA Eagleworks.

Paul commented on the NASA spaceflight forum.

SOURCES- NASA Spaceflight Forum, AIP Advances, wikipedia

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TRANSITION—Nelio TH

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TRANSITION—Nelio THTF

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Battery developers should emulate semiconductor technology roadmap

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Lithium ions continue to get improved and has a lot more investment than the beyond lithium ion battery technology

Tesla’s investment in its Gigafactory, which will produce lithium-ion batteries, will total around $5 billion.

Lux Research found that beyond lithium-ion batteries had $40 million per year in funding over eight years.

Batteries are about a $40 billion global market and

will be about $133 billion by 2024

This estimate could be low if electric cars achieve the growth rates projected by Tesla.

The

Global semiconductor market is about $300 billion and there is $56 billion in semiconductor research.

Batteries are critical to cars and devices and improved batteries could enable vastly improved airplanes and drones and other applications.

Sulfur represents a natural cathode partner for metallic Li

and, in contrast with conventional lithium-ion cells, the chemicals processes include dissolution from the anode surface during discharge and reverse lithium plating to the anode while charging. As a consequence, Lithium-Sulfur allows for a theoretical specific energy in excess of 2700Wh per kg, which is nearly 5 times higher than that of Li-ion.

Lithium Air and other battery technologies could have several times the energy density beyond lithium ion or lithium sulfur.

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...ulf

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hamerred49

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sirneave: The Brightest | Steph Claire Smith By Neave Bozorgi

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sirneave:

The Brightest | Steph Claire Smith

By Neave Bozorgi

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misterk75: holly parker

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misterk75:

holly parker

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Alexis

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Alexis

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Apartment Building Zambeze / Juan Pablo Ribadeneira Mora

DARKSPIRATION

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DARKSPIRATION

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o ho mangiato troppi cannoli o son strette loro

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o ho mangiato troppi cannoli o son strette loro

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Technology is the force that turns scarcity into Abundance

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Keynote speech by Peter Diamandis.

The news only focuses on the negative.

Technology is the force that turns scarcity into Abundance

Peter is advising a company called the Diamond Foundry which takes water and carbon feedstock into diamond.

He notes that we are on track to eliminating extreme poverty in the nearterm. (Economist and many others)

Population growth goes down with increased education and improved healthcare.

Global terrorism overall is down by a factor of three.

Shows charts of worldwide life expectancy.

1820   26 years
1900   31 years
1950   49 years
2010   67 years

Annual hours worked per person are down,

Automobile and airlines fatality rates are down based on deaths per 100 million person miles traveled.

Age adjusted maternal mortality rates.

Impact of exponential technologies

Cost to launch an internet tech startup

2000  $5 million
2005  $500K
2009  %50k
2011  $5K

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EXPONENTIALS 101: ENERGY by Ramez Naam

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Disruption of the $6 trillion energy industry

1. Wind

2. Solar

3. Energy Storage

4. After oil

5.

Ten times more wind in the last 11 years

Exponential decline in wind power cost

1980 55 cents per kwh

2013 2.3 cents per kwh

Double the wind turbine blade length then you quadruple the wind power

Best sites now have 50% capacity factor

In the future it is going to 60% capacity factor

New algorithms can increase the amount of wind that can be used in the grid

Altaeros Energy has tethered wind power

Altaeros’ mission is to deliver the next generation of infrastructure to rural and isolated communities. We combine proven technology with flight control innovations that enable cost effective autonomous deployment of tethered airborne platforms. At heights above 200m a wide range of applications become attractive. These include power generation, telecommunications, and technology enabled agricultural services. Leveraging its patented technology, Altaeros has eliminated the need for manpower to constantly monitor and control stationary airborne platforms. We provide a cost effective, reliable and environmentally friendly solution for any application that benefits from a durable, stationary mid-elevation platform.

Solar Power is becoming cheaper now than other energy Bio of Ramez Naam

Ramez Naam was born in Cairo, Egypt, and came to the US at the age of 3. He’s a computer scientist, futurist, and award-winning author.

Ramez spent 13 years at Microsoft, where he led teams developing early versions of Microsoft Outlook, Internet Explorer, and the Bing search engine. His career has focused on bringing advanced collaboration, communication, and information retrieval capabilities to roughly one billion people around the world, and took him to the role of Partner and Director of Program Management within Microsoft, with deep experience leading teams working on cutting edge technologies such as machine learning, search, massive scale services, and artificial intelligence.

Between stints at Microsoft, Ramez founded and ran Apex NanoTechnologies, the world’s first company devoted entirely to software tools to accelerate molecular design. He holds 19 patents related to search engines, information retrieval, web browsing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.

Ramez is also the H.G. Wells Award-winning author of four books:

The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finite Planet (non-fiction), which looks at the environmental and natural resource challenges of climate change, energy, water, and food, and charts a course to meet those challenges by investing in the scientific and technological innovation needed to overcome them, and by changing our policies to encourage both conservation and critical innovations.

Nexus and Crux (fiction). These philosophical science fiction thrillers look at the impact of an increasingly plausible technology that could link human minds, and the impact such a technology could have on society and on the human condition, for both good and ill. Along the way, issues of civil liberties, surveillance, Buddhist conceptions of mind, and responsibilities of scientists to society are explored. Nexus has been optioned for a film by Paramount pictures and director Darren Aronofsky (The Black Swan).

More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement (non-fiction), which looks at the science of enhancing the human mind, body, and lifespan, and the effects that will have on society.

Ramez lectures on energy, environment, and innovation at Singularity University, where he serves as Adjunct Faculty. He’s spoken to audiences on four continents, from Illinois to Istanbul and from corporate boardrooms to Harvard University. He’s appeared on Sunday morning MSNBC, repeatedly on Yahoo! Finance, on China Cable Television, on BigThink, and Reuters.fm. His work has appeared in, or been reviewed by, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, The Atlantic, Slate, Business Week, Business Insider, Discover, Popular Science, Wired, and Scientific American. He’s a graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy at Aurora Illinois.

In his leisure, Ramez has climbed mountains, descended into icy crevasses, chased sharks through their native domain, backpacked through remote corners of China, and ridden his bicycle down hundreds of miles of the Vietnam coast. He lives in Seattle, where he writes and speaks full time.

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vicsecretmodels: Kendall Jenner

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Concept for Solar Express Space Train for travel at 1% of light speed

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The Solar Express is an idea for a space train that would be designed and used to ferry humans,

supplies and minerals between celestial bodies and space stations in our solar system. It would run non-stop, so smaller vessels would need to catch the train when it passed by.

Charles Bombardier and his team see Solar Express traveling at roughly 1 percent the speed of light - about 3,000 kilometers per second (1,864 miles per second) - dropping the travel time between Earth and Mars to less than two days.

The Solar Express would take the form of a series of aligned cylinders. Each cylinder would have a length of at least 50 meters, and one train would be composed of six of them placed in a straight line. These cylinders/torus would be split into four cargo bays and could be swapped in-flight with the help of maintenance robots.

The Solar Express would first accelerate with rocket boosters. Stored fuel contained in the vessel’s core could be used to make course adjustments. The train wouId also use the force of gravity to slingshot around planets or moons. The speed of the Solar Express could be set at 1% of the speed of light, or about 3 000km/s.

Huge solar arrays located along the train’s path could be used to capture solar energy and transfer it by laser to supercapacitors. Water harvested from comets or small moons would be used for humans living on the train and transported to other stations. The harvested water could also be used to create hydrogen and propellant, but the main propulsion system should take the form of an ion thrusters.

Mobile Cargo Bays (MCBs) and other spacecraft would allow for transhipment between celestial bodies (planets, moons, asteroids) and the trains. These vessels could use different types of propulsion to rendezvous with the Solar Express. They would need to match the speed of the train to attach and carry on their transhipment.

The Solar Express would be used to transport material, minerals, vessels and even people living in sections under gravity. Of course, on the train they wouldn’t suffer from acceleration or decceleration. A large ‘space city’ would rotate around the longitudinal axis and provide artificial gravity inside so that humans could walk and live there during the long months of travelling.

SOURCE - imaginactive.org, Charles Bombardier

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Democracy Earth Governance Singularity Grand Challenge Winner #gsummit

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The Democracy Earth Foundation is a Y Combinator backed organization working with hackers, thinkers and makers.

The internet transformed how we share culture, work together —and even fall in love— but governance has remained unchanged for over 200 years. With the rise of open source software and peer to peer networks, political intermediation is no longer necessary. We are building a protocol with smart contracts that allows decentralized governance for any kind of organization.

They want to fight corruption.


First, Identity:
What differentiates valid elections from surveys is strong identity validation. We are working with pioneering decentralized protocols for identification, so no single corporation (like Facebook) or government (think Estonia) owns your credentials. Only you are in control.


Then, Institutions:
Whether it's a club, a student center, your football team, a corporation, a workers union or even a big city: these are all institutions. For them to be open and democratic, governance rules and membership must be stated under incorruptible technology. See how the blockchain grants it.

Also, Budgets:
Institutions execute projects: a collection of tasks that require funds and approval. After you join an organization that meets your interests, pitch projects defining tasks and pricing. Funds are securely stored using bitcoin and granted upon approval.

And finally, Delegations:
In the age of connected societies, voting to have representatives for 4 years is absurd. Peer democracies lets you elect among friends and people you trust. Legitimacy must emerge bottom up rather than top down. It's possible: we've seen open source democracy take off.






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Eaves House / mA-style architects

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Kilocore processor with 1000 cores

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A microchip containing 1,000 independent programmable processors

has been designed by a team at the University of California, Davis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The energy-efficient “KiloCore” chip has a maximum computation rate of 1.78 trillion instructions per second and contains 621 million transistors.

A Japanese startup Exascaler built the first 1000+ core chip PEZY-SC. It is a 28nm MIMD processor with 1024 cores and has rankings on the Green 500.

Nvidia had 240 cores in a GPGPU chip back in 2006 and 512 core shortly thereafter.

In 2006, Intel built the 80 core the Tera-Scale Teraflop Prototype.

The UC Davis Kilocore chip is the most energy-efficient “many-core” processor ever reported. The 1,000 processors can execute 115 billion instructions per second while dissipating only 0.7 Watts, low enough to be powered by a single AA battery. The KiloCore chip executes instructions more than 100 times more efficiently than a modern laptop processor.

There is a 3 page technical paper on Kilocore - A 5.8 pJ / Op 115 Billion Ops / sec, to 1.78 Trillion Ops / sec 32nm 1000-Processor Array

1000 programmable processors and 12 independent memory modules capable of simultaneously servicing both data and instruction requests are integrated onto a 32nm PD-SOI CMOS device. At 1.1 V, processors operate up to an average of 1.78 GHz yielding a maximum total chip computation rate of 1.78 trillion instructions/sec. At 0.84 V, 1000 cores execute 1 trillion instructions/sec while dissipating 13.1 W.

SOURCES - UC Davis

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